Skip to main content
  • Cancer
    Cancer is a group of diseases characterised by out-of-control cell growth. There are more than 100 different types of cancer. The cancer is named after the area of the body or organ where it originates.
Submitted by Dr S. Patel on 1 June 2014

Cancer is a group of diseases characterised by out-of-control cell growth. There are more than 100 different types of cancer. The cancer is named after the area of the body or organ where it originates. For example, if the cancer starts in the breast and spreads elsewhere, it is still called breast cancer.

Cancer occurs when the body’s normal cell division and regeneration process goes awry. Normal cells in the body follow a sequence of events - growth, division and death. This programmed cell death is called apoptosis. In cancer, this process breaks down and cells do not experience programmed death. This leads to out-of-control cell growth and division to form a mass of abnormal cells, ie, a tumour.

All tumours are not cancerous and all cancers do not form tumours. One example is leukaemia, which is cancer of the bone marrow.

Tumours can be categorised as:

  • Benign tumour
  • Malignant tumour

Tumours are called benign when they remain localised. Benign tumors are not cancerous and cells from such tumours do not spread to other parts of the body. Benign tumours are easy to remove by local surgery.

Malignant tumours are cancerous and grow faster than benign tumours. They can invade and destroy adjacent structures and spread to distant sites. The spreading of cancer is called metastasis.

Cancer cells spread because they do not make the substance that normal cells secrete to make them stick together. Thus, cancer cells float through the blood stream or lymphatic system to affect other parts of the body. This is called metastatic cancer, ie, cancer that has spread from its place of origin to affect another part of the body. However, the name of the cancer remains the same. If breast cancer spreads to the liver, it is metastatic breast cancer, not liver cancer.

Community
Condition

Stories

  • Image: A woman holding her head in the background and a doctor looking at a brain scan showing brain tumour
    New Technologies Help in Brain Tumour Treatment
    Nearly 50% of brain tumours detected are cancerous. While advances in immunological and genetic testing will make early detection possible, your biggest wall of armour will be leading a healthy life, emphasizes Dr. Mohinish Bhatjiwale, consultant neurosurgeon at Nanavati Hospital. What are the most common symptoms of brain tumour? The most common symptoms of brain tumour is headache, unremitting headache associated with vomiting and blurred vision, weakness of any one side. What percentage of…
  • Image of Pavithra, a brain tumor survivor in a green dress with her husband in black and son
    A Brain Tumor Need Not be Life-Threatening
    Pavithra Sakthivel, who had severe headaches and a seizure, was diagnosed with Grade 3 malignant brain tumor. But she recovered quickly in six months. Find out about the treatment and surgical options that worked for her.    I am a 36 year old teacher and an Education Specialist. I was leading a happy, healthy life with my husband and cute 6 year old son till January 2017. Trouble began when I started getting headaches. Initially, they were appeared routine, but grew in frequency and…
  • Image: Stock photo of colon over white t-shirt and dark jeans set against a pink background
    Why You Should Know About Lynch Syndrome
    Colorectal cancer is the 4th most common cause of deaths related to cancer worldwide. Lynch syndrome or HNPCC is one of most common genetic causes of Colon cancer. Here are a few questions to better understand Lynch syndrome and how we can screen for it. 1. What is the Lynch syndrome? Which genes are involved? Lynch Syndrome is also known as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer or HNPCC. It has a genetic disposition, hence the term hereditary and is known to be associated or  the…
  • Image indicates a caregiver holding the hand of an older person
    Life Lesson I Learnt Watching my Papa Die
    We prepare ourselves for everything, but most of us are in denial about death. Aparna Das shares the one final lesson her father taught her during his last few days as he breathed his last. My father was diagnosed with Pancreatic Cancer in October 2017. Of course, he and all of us did everything in our capacity to save him. But he passed away on the 20th of April 2018. The three days leading to his death were probably the most painful that our family had faced collectively. But I have a…
  • Mariyam with her father in a nice outside setting
    It Brought Perspective To My Father’s Illness and Its Impact On My Life
    Talking and writing about health related experiences is still not common in Asia.  This International Women’s Day, we reach out to three dynamic women who share their experience as patient or caregiver to understand their motivations. In the last part of the series, we feature Mariyam Raza Haider.   1)    Why did you choose to blog? My strongest reason for blogging was to bring perspective to my father’s illness and its impact on my life. As I began writing about…
  • A child with cancer with his parents
    Seeing Our Child Suffer Is Never Easy
    Javed Khan and his wife describe their 14 year old son, Tavish’s journey with cancer - from diagnosis to treatment and the support they received from Accesslife. 5 months ago, Tavish started complaining of knee pain in his left leg. He was an avid hockey player and noticed frequent falls during a game and while riding his bicycle. Initially the pain was dismissed but soon it grew more intense and would be worse at night time. Tavish would often be unable to sleep all night due to the pain and…
  • image of a stethoscope and a gloved hand holding a bottle marked hpv vaccine
    Guard Yourself from HPV-related Warts and Cancers
    Dr Gayatri Deshpande, senior gynaecologist, cautions against infection of the Human papillomavirus (HPV) transmitted mainly through sexual contact that can cause painful and highly contagious genital warts resulting in a range of cancers in both men and women and advises safe sex to reduce risks. What is Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and how do you get it? This is an infection caused by Human Papillomavirus which is a DNA virus. One can catch this infection by sexual contacts which may…
  • Image of a person undergoing radiation therapy
    What Are The Side Effects Of Radiation Therapy?
    And other questions on types of radiation therapy and tips to handle the effects of radiation therapy answered by Dr. Arpana Shukla, Senior Consultant Radiation Oncology, Sterling Cancer Center Ahmedabad 1.   What exactly is Radiation Therapy? Radiation Therapy is a clinical modality mainly dealing with the use of ionizing radiations for the treatment of cancer patients (and occasionally benign diseases). The primary goal is to deliver a precisely measured dose of radiation to a…
  • Image of a man with a mask in a polluted city.
    Air pollution is a Public Health Problem - A Leading Cause of Poor Health and Cancers
    Dr Radha Goyal, Deputy Director of Indian Pollution Control Association (IPCA), New Delhi, shares the research on how the carcinogenic elements in the air we breathe are lethal in more senses than one. The current pollution levels in our country, particularly in Delhi/NCR – how threatening is it for lung cancer cases? The latest urban air quality database released by the World Health Organization (WHO) reconfirms that most Indian cities are becoming death traps because of very high air…
  • Close up of the author Mariyam Raza Haider, caregiver of her father with oral cancer
    Handling Late Night Medical Emergencies
    The most important factor in medical emergencies is to not panic, think calmly and act quickly and effectively. Mariyam Raza Haider, 26, recounts an emergency due to side effects of chemotherapy for her father's treatment of oral cancer and the lessons she learnt from it. This concludes the two-part series. One of the biggest concerns when taking care of a cancer patient on chemotherapy is the bout of side effects. The most common side effects of any form of chemotherapy are — nausea,…