Kidney, Urinary, Gastro Intestinal, Liver

You cannot prevent all cases of urinary incontinence, but there are some steps to reduce your risk of episodes. Try to live a healthy lifestyle by maintaining a healthy weight, avoid smoking, do regular exercise, and eat well. Have enough fibre in your diet, in order to prevent constipation.

Some people experience occasional minor leaks of urine while others wet their clothes frequently. Complications of urinary incontinence Skin problems: Rashes, sores and skin infections can develop from constantly wet skin.  Urinary tract infections: Incontinence increases your risk of repeated urinary tract infections. Impact on your personal life: Urinary incontinence can affect your social, work and personal relationships.   

Treatment of urinary incontinence depends on the type, its severity and the underlying cause. A combination of treatments may be needed to treat urinary incontinence.  The doctor may suggest some of the following:  Medications Anticholinergics: Oxybutynin (Ditropan XL), Tolteridone (Detrol), Darifenacin (Enablex), Fesoterodine (Toviaz), Solifenacin (Vesicare), Trospium (Sanctura). These medications can calm an over-active bladder and may be helpful for urge incontinence. Mirabegron (…

Types of Urinary incontinence  a) Stress incontinence: Urine leaks out when you exert pressure on your bladder by coughing, sneezing, laughing, exercising or lifting heavy objects. b) Urge incontinence: You have a sudden intense urge to urinate followed by involuntary loss of urine. This may be caused by a minor condition such as infection or by a more severe condition such as neurological disorder or diabetes. c) Overflow incontinence: This type occurs when you urinate but do not…

Caring for a GERD Patient Heartburn is the most common symptom of this condition, although some GERD sufferers don't feel heartburn but instead experience chest pains and difficulty swallowing. Fortunately, with proper treatment and monitoring of the patient, the onset of more serious conditions can be prevented. Use the following suggestions to help comfort your family member or patient and ease the painful symptoms of GERD. Follow Up  After the initial GERD diagnosis, a follow-up doctor'…

In addition to medication to manage GERD, lifestyle changes are an important element of managing the condition: Lose weight. Obesity is the leading cause of GERD. Extra stomach fat places pressure on your abdomen, pushing gastric juices up into your esophagus.  Avoid foods known to cause reflux. If you're at risk for GERD, avoid: Fatty foods Spicy foods Acidic foods, like tomatoes and citrus Mint Chocolate Onions Coffee or any caffeinated beverage Carbonated beverages Eat smaller meals…

In addition to managing lifestyle described here, treatment options include medication and surgery. Medication For chronic reflux and heartburn, the doctor may recommend medications to reduce acid in the stomach. These medicines include H2 blockers, which inhibit acid secretion in the stomach. H2 blockers include: cimetidine (Tagamet), famotidine (Pepcid), nizatidine (Axid), and ranitidine (Zantac). Another type of drug, the proton pump inhibitor (or acid pump), inhibits an enzyme (a protein in…

How is GERD diagnosed? Medical History Your doctor will begin assessing you for GERD by reviewing your symptoms. If you are frequently experiencing classic GERD symptoms, your doctor can diagnose you on that basis. The two most common symptoms are: Heartburn.  Regurgitation Lab tests People with severe symptoms may need to undergo tests that can both verify GERD and help doctors assess the scope of the problem. These tests include: Barium X-rays: The patient is asked to drink barium…

What are the symptoms of GERD? A burning sensation in your chest (heartburn), sometimes spreading to your throat, along with a sour taste in your mouth When acid refluxes into the esophagus in patients with GERD, nerve fibers in the esophagus are stimulated, causing the pain that is characteristic of GERD. Heartburn usually is described as a burning pain in the middle of the chest. It may start high in the abdomen and may extend up into the neck.  Chest pain In some patients, the pain may…

Risk factors for developing GERD are Obesity Pregnancy Smoking Spicy foods Acidic fruits and vegetables, like citrus or tomatoes Alcohol Garlic and onions Fried foods, or heavily fatty foods Causes of GERD are Lower esophageal sphincter abnormalities: When you swallow, the lower esophageal sphincter — a circular band of muscle around the bottom part of your esophagus — relaxes to allow food and liquid to flow down into your stomach. Then it closes again, so that the food cannot go back…