Stages of Dry Eyes and Complications

74 year old Jacqueline Colaco, who has lived with Rheumatoid Arthritis for many years, shares her experience of dealing with Covid, Long Covid, dry eyes, hearing loss, fatigue and its impact on her overall health and quality of life. My encounter with the Covid delta strain manifested one morning in January 2022, when I experienced acute weakness and a mighty cough. The nurse on duty at the Senior Citizen Home where I reside, immediately referred to my doctor, who advised immediate…

Dr. Sayan Basu, Network Director, Research Consultant Ophthalmologist, L V Prasad Eye Institute (LVPEI) spoke to PatientsEngage on Dry Eyes disease, a growing public health problem and one of the most common conditions seen with the increased use of screens.  ​The video below covers the following questions and a lot of questions from the audience. What is dry eyes disease? Symptoms of dry eyes Causes and risk factors of dry eyes Stages of dry eyes Treatment of dry eyes…

Information about Dry Eyes provided by Dr. Ankita Daftary, Opthalmologist, Mumbai What is dry eye disease: It is an extremely common and often unrecognised disease affecting millions of people. It is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance and tear film instability with potential damage to ocular surface. It is accompanied by increased osmolality of the tear film and inflammation of ocular surface. Dry eye disease is a…

Tear substitutes form the mainstay of treatment. They are aqueous solutions containing polymers that determine their viscosity, retention time and adhesion to ocular surface. They are cellulose derivatives like HPMC-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and CMC-carboxymethycellulose, polyvinyl derivatives like polyvinyl alcohol, chondroitin sulfate and sodium hyluronate. Artificial tears provide improvement in symptoms of eye irritation, blurred vision and visual contrast sensitivity. However…

Dry Eyes can progress through various stages - from mild to severe. Each stage can have different complications. On examination in mild form of dry eyes, the tear film may show mucous debris and strings of mucoid discharge. The picture may be of a non-specific chronic conjunctivitis. In moderate cases, there may be corneal epithelial erosions, punctate keratopathy, and filamentary keratitis. Severe cases present with corneal ulcer, opacities and neovascularisation.  

A doctor, typically an opthalmologist needs to do a complete examination of the eye. He/she will ask you for other health conditions, your history of eye health, your habits and practices. They may even need to measure the volume and quality of tears using - Schirmir test.  - Fluorescein dye test - Lissamine green test  

Treatment modalities: The treatment of dry eyes can be divided into: Medical therapy: Is the mainstay of treatment for mild to moderate type of dry eyes. Tear substitutes or artificial tears are aqueous solutions containing polymers that determine their viscosity, retention time and adhesion to ocular surface. In moderate to severe cases, where there is a lot of inflammation, drugs like topical cyclosporine A and corticosteroids are administered. Oral tetracycline and essential fatty acids…

Therapy of dry eyes require a multipronged approach. Mild cases of dry eyes- Patient will benefit from preventive measures like behavioural and environmental modifications. Certain preventive measures are as follows- Avoid direct blow of air to your eyes e.g hair dryers, car heaters, and air conditioners. Use humidifiers in winters. Wraparound glasses help during outdoor activities. During prolonged use of screens and long reading hours one should take a break of few seconds every half an hour…

What are the symptoms and signs of dry eyes: Dry, scratch, gritty and sandy feeling in the eye. Foreign body sensation. Ocular irritation, itching and burning. Pain, soreness, redness, heaviness of eyelids. Blurred vision and intolerance to light. Increased blinking, watering and excessive mucous secretion. The symptoms tend to be worse towards the end of the day with prolonged use of eyes. As dry eyes syndrome progresses from mild stage to severe, there will be different symptoms and…

What leads to dry eyes: Prolonged use of contact lenses leads to dry eyes. Soft contact lenses actively deplete the rear layer to maintain their hydration level. One of the most important cause of dryness these days is extensive use of computer and mobile screens. Studies have shown that excessive use of screens enhances the evaporation of tears along with decreased blink rate. Dry eyes are also commonly seen in old age with more preponderance in women, particularly in peri and post-menopausal…