Heart and Cardio-vascular

Treatment of Obesity includes: History: The doctor will take a detailed history to understand the familial traits, your lifestyle, diet, and mental health condition. Physical examination: The doctor then measures height, weight, and BMI. The vital signs are checked like blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature followed by auscultation of heart and lungs. Examination findings plus the lab findings determine the course of treatment if needed. Diet, behavioral and lifestyle changes (mentioned…

Tests for Obesity Diagnosis The measurement tools mentioned below are used to classify obesity. Blood tests for associated risk factors like cholesterols levels and blood sugar levels. Liver fat analysis. Bone density analysis. Body mass index (BMI): It is calculated as a person's weight in kilograms divided by the square of their height in meters (kg/m2). WHO/US criteria label BMI 25–29.9 as overweight and ≥30 as obese. Indian and Asia-Pacific guidelines lower these thresholds to overweight…

Phenotypes associated with Obesity: Normal weight obese (NWO): Normal Body mass index (BMI) + PBF > 30 (dual X-ray absorptiometry) + ↓ lean body composition of the left leg. Do not have metabolic syndrome. Metabolically obese normal weight (MONW): normal (body mass index (BMI), but have significant risk factors for diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease, which could be due to higher fat mass and plasma triglycerides as well as higher visceral fat and liver content. They…

Risk Factors of Obesity Genetics: Single-gene (monogenic) obesity: Rare cases of obesity are caused by changes in a single gene, such as MC4R. Polygenic obesity: Most obesity is multifactorial, meaning it's caused by many genes working together. Genetic mutations: Abnormal changes in DNA sequence can also contribute to obesity. Genes may be a significant contributor to one’s cause of obesity if they have most or all of the following characteristics: If one has been overweight for most of…

Obesity is defined as having too much fat in the body. It is usually quantified by measuring Body Mass Index (BMI) which is the measure of weight in comparison to the height of an individual. BMI= weight in kilograms/Height in metres squared. Body mass index (BMI) ranges for adults are: Underweight: Less than 18.5 Healthy weight: 18.5 to 24.9 Overweight: 25 to 29.9 Obesity: 30 or greater Class 1 obesity: 30 to less than 35 Class 2 obesity: 35 to less than 40 Class 3 obesity: 40 or greater BMI…

In addition to medical treatment of hypertension, you also need to make lifestyle changes to manage your Blood Pressure: Food and Nutrition A healthy eating plan can both reduce the risk of developing high blood pressure and lower an already elevated blood pressure. For an overall healthy eating plan, consider the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet. The DASH eating plan includes whole grains, poultry, fish and nuts and has reduced amount of salt, fats, red meat, sweets and…

Can hypertension be prevented Once high blood pressure develops, it usually lasts a lifetime and has to be managed with medication. You can try to prevent high blood pressure from developing or delay its onset by addressing the risk factors of Hypertension taking the following steps:  Eat healthily - For an overall healthy eating plan, follow the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet. The DASH eating plan includes whole grains, poultry, fish and nuts and has reduced amount of…

Many drugs are available for the treatment of high blood pressure. Your doctor may recommend some of the following medications for treating hypertension:  Diuretics – These are called ‘water pills’ as they work on the kidney and flush excess water and sodium from the body. Beta-blockers – These reduce nerve impulses to the heart and blood vessels. This makes the heart beat slower and with less force. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors – These prevent the formation of a hormone…

What tests do you need to have done for Hypertension ? Your doctor may recommend some of the following tests for a proper diagnosis of High Blood Pressure and its severity. General tests Physical examination Your doctor will ask for your family history of high blood pressure and other conditions, check your blood pressure and look at your blood reports. Blood tests include blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine, which may be elevated if there is underlying kidney disease. Blood urea…

Major types of hypertension (high blood pressure) Primary hypertension, also known as essential hypertension, is the most common type of hypertension. For this type of hypertension, there is no single identifiable cause. There is no apparent underlying disease, condition or disorder causing the high blood pressure. Instead, hypertension occurs because of genes, diet and lifestyle. Secondary hypertension is a less common form of the disease that occurs because of a specific condition. Disorders…