Heart and Cardio-vascular

All of the measures mentioned under the management section apply to rules of prevention of obesity. Additionally: Maintain a food diary/log to track your calories and nutrient intake. It is important to learn how to read food nutrition labels and use them wisely to avoid empty calorie and ingredients that are unhealthy. Weigh yourself routinely. Avoid all sugary drinks like cold drinks, soda, fruit drinks, energy drinks and food and beverages with excess synthetic preservatives and additives.…

Treatment of Obesity includes: History: The doctor will take a detailed history to understand the familial traits, your lifestyle, diet, and mental health condition. Physical examination: The doctor then measures height, weight, and BMI. The vital signs are checked like blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature followed by auscultation of heart and lungs. Examination findings plus the lab findings determine the course of treatment if needed. Diet, behavioral and lifestyle changes (mentioned…

Tests for Obesity Diagnosis The measurement tools mentioned below are used to classify obesity. Blood tests for associated risk factors like cholesterols levels and blood sugar levels. Liver fat analysis. Bone density analysis. Body mass index (BMI): It is calculated as a person's weight in kilograms divided by the square of their height in meters (kg/m2). WHO/US criteria label BMI 25–29.9 as overweight and ≥30 as obese. Indian and Asia-Pacific guidelines lower these thresholds to overweight…

Phenotypes associated with Obesity: Normal weight obese (NWO): Normal Body mass index (BMI) + PBF > 30 (dual X-ray absorptiometry) + ↓ lean body composition of the left leg. Do not have metabolic syndrome. Metabolically obese normal weight (MONW): normal (body mass index (BMI), but have significant risk factors for diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease, which could be due to higher fat mass and plasma triglycerides as well as higher visceral fat and liver content. They…

Signs of Obesity Physical Signs of Obesity: Lack of good sleep. Sleep apnoea, snoring and daytime drowsiness. Back pain due excess weight Joint pains mainly knee joint due to excess weight bearing Excessive sweating. Heat intolerance. Increased incidence of infections in skin folds due to excess sweating and associated bacterial and fungal infections. Easy fatiguability. Feeling of shortness of breath (dyspnoea). Varicose veins (due to an increased pressure on veins from the fat there is…

Risk Factors of Obesity Genetics: Single-gene (monogenic) obesity: Rare cases of obesity are caused by changes in a single gene, such as MC4R. Polygenic obesity: Most obesity is multifactorial, meaning it's caused by many genes working together. Genetic mutations: Abnormal changes in DNA sequence can also contribute to obesity. Genes may be a significant contributor to one’s cause of obesity if they have most or all of the following characteristics: If one has been overweight for most of…

Obesity is defined as having too much fat in the body. It is usually quantified by measuring Body Mass Index (BMI) which is the measure of weight in comparison to the height of an individual. BMI= weight in kilograms/Height in metres squared. Body mass index (BMI) ranges for adults are: Underweight: Less than 18.5 Healthy weight: 18.5 to 24.9 Overweight: 25 to 29.9 Obesity: 30 or greater Class 1 obesity: 30 to less than 35 Class 2 obesity: 35 to less than 40 Class 3 obesity: 40 or greater BMI…

In addition to medical treatment of hypertension, you also need to make lifestyle changes to manage your Blood Pressure: Food and Nutrition A healthy eating plan can both reduce the risk of developing high blood pressure and lower an already elevated blood pressure. For an overall healthy eating plan, consider the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet. The DASH eating plan includes whole grains, poultry, fish and nuts and has reduced amount of salt, fats, red meat, sweets and…

Can hypertension be prevented Once high blood pressure develops, it usually lasts a lifetime and has to be managed with medication. You can try to prevent high blood pressure from developing or delay its onset by addressing the risk factors of Hypertension taking the following steps:  Eat healthily - For an overall healthy eating plan, follow the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet. The DASH eating plan includes whole grains, poultry, fish and nuts and has reduced amount of…

Many drugs are available for the treatment of high blood pressure. Your doctor may recommend some of the following medications for treating hypertension:  Diuretics – These are called ‘water pills’ as they work on the kidney and flush excess water and sodium from the body. Beta-blockers – These reduce nerve impulses to the heart and blood vessels. This makes the heart beat slower and with less force. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors – These prevent the formation of a hormone…