Symptoms of Multiple Myeloma

Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a blood cancer that forms in a plasma cell, a type of white blood cell. It is considered a rare cancer. Worldwide, an estimated 176,404 people were diagnosed with multiple myeloma in 2020. There were about 12,000 cases in India in 2020. Multiple myeloma is treatable and survival rates are better, especially if the disease is diagnosed early and treated.

Submitted by Dr S. Patel on 31 July 2023

Symptoms of Multiple Myeloma

Multiple Myeloma is often symptomless in the early stages and difficult to diagnose. Symptoms may appear gradually as the underlying issues develop. Symptoms are usually multifactorial.

Fatigue and reduced activity levels due to anemia (low blood count or poor kidney functioning.
Shortness of breath due to anemia and exertion.
Bone pain or fractures as the bone density has decreased. Pain is experience in the middle or lower back, ribs or hip area.
Numbness or weakness can be due to nerve compression or hyperviscosity (thickening of blood sue to large amount of M-protein)
Confusion can be from high calcium levels (hypercalcemia) or hyperviscosity of the blood.
Constipation and abdominal pain can be due to the high calcium levels.
Swelling in legs because of poor functioning of the kidney.
Change in appetite and weight can be due to the hypercalcemia or kidney failure.
Excessive thirst and urination due to hypercalcemia or kidney damage.
Falling sick frequently as immunity decreases. Common infections seen in this cancer are pneumonia, sinusitis, skin, bladder and kidney infections.

Changed

17/Apr/2025

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