Conditions

Causes of Sickle Cell Disease  Sickle cell disease is caused by defect in gene and it is passed down from parents to children. The mutations in the beta globin genes affect the structure of hemoglobin molecule (also called as Hemoglobin S.), causing it to form abnormal "sickle" shapes.                           Figure 2 – How sickle cell disease is inherited? A child will be born with sickle cell disease only if two genes…

 Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder that leads to abnormal hemoglobin. All red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen throughout our body. Normal and healthy red blood cells are round in shape and move through small blood vessels to carry oxygen to all parts of the body. In sickle cell disease, abnormal hemoglobin causes the red blood cells to become sticky and hard and look like a C- shape called “sickle”. Due to this shape and sticky nature, it gets stuck in the…

Bladder cancer is the 10th common cancer worldwide. In India it is often diagnosed late due to limited awareness of bladder cancer and its symptoms. Let us understand the symptoms of bladder cancer, the diagnostic tests, the treatment options and some commonly asked questions about bladder cancer treatment, prognosis and effect on quality of life.   What is bladder cancer? Urinary bladder is a muscular organ situated in the pelvic cavity. Its primary function is to store urine produced by…

People often want a second opinion. But what is a second opinion? When should one get a second opinion and how to prepare for an effective second opinion. We unpack these questions and more in this informative article on the important topic of second opinion. What does a second opinion mean?  A second opinion simply means seeking an opinion following a primary consultation with your doctor with another specialist/doctor to help in making the best choice for the patient. It is usually…

We live in an era of easy access where everyone can access medical information and self-medication can seem like an easy option. It is easy to forget the wisdom of seeking professional help. Here we unpack the risks of self-medication and how they impact different organs.  A doctor prescribes medication after a detailed consultation with a patient. A consultation includes a detailed medical history (both present and past), a physical examination and lab tests to make a diagnosis. Based on…

The incidence of heart attack (myocardial infarction) is increasing in India according to NCRB data.  It is therefore important that we understand what a heart attack is, the causes and risk factors, symptoms, treatment options.  What is a heart attack? What does the term myocardial infarction mean? A heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction (MI), occurs when blood can not reach to the heart muscles. This blockage is developed due to plaque buildup within the coronary…

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease, also known as ischemic heart disease or coronary heart disease. Urbanization has increased sedentary behavior, unhealthy diet, and smoking, all significant risk factors for CAD. Read this to learn about Coronary Artery Disease and what you can do to manage this. What is CAD or coronary artery disease? Coronary artery disease is the most common heart problem. It is also known as ischemic heart disease or coronary heart…

Parkinson’s disease can progressively become a debilitating condition that can affect daily functioning. Besides medications, there has been little progress in the treatment options. In recent years, a surgical therapy called Deep Stimulation of the brain has gained popularity as it seems to allow patients to manage certain symptoms. Lets take an in-depth look at what this procedure entails. What is Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)? Deep Brain Stimulation or DBS is a surgical procedure to treat…

While Hemophilia can’t be prevented, as it is a genetic disease. However, pre-conception screening in families with history of hemophilia, early diagnosis and appropriate management can significantly improve outcomes. Here are some preventive steps to limit the frequency and severity of bleeding in Hemophilia. Avoid exercises, sports or activities that place excessive strain on the joints to protect joints, as any minor trauma can lead to bleeding in patients. Regular medical checkups and…