Conditions

Treatment of sickle cell disease aims to manage symptoms and prevent organ damage. Besides bone marrow transplants that can be curative for some people, there are  also emerging gene therapies for sickle cell disease.   Pain medications for pain crisis Drinking plenty of water daily (8 to 10 glasses) to manage pain crisis Blood transfusion  Vaccinations and antibiotics to prevent infections Folic acid to prevent severe anemia Hydroxyurea helps to reduce the frequency of…

Early diagnosis of Sickle Cell Disease and treatment can reduce the risk of complication. Health care providers will recommend necessary tests based on medical history and physical examination.  Here are the various tests and their role in screening and diagnosis of Sickle Cell Disease. Hemoglobin Electrophoresis Blood test is done to check if you have sickle hemoglobin and if you are a carrier for sickle cell disease.  Genetic testing is used to identify the specific type of sickle…

There are several types of sickle cell diseases, each characterized by different genetic abnormalities. The main types include: Sickle Cell Anemia (SS): Inherited when a child receives two copies of the sickle cell gene from both parents. Common in African and Indian populations. Sickle Hemoglobin-C Disease (SC): Combines hemoglobin C and S. Similar symptoms to sickle cell anemia but less anemia. Common in West African, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern populations. Sickle Beta-Plus…

Each person with Sickle Cell Disease may experience symptoms differently. List of symptoms include: Fatigue and weakness – Sickle cells have short life and less oxygen carrying capacity compare to normal red blood cells. This can lead to severe anemia, shortness of breath and dizziness.  Pain crisis –When sickle cells get stuck in blood vessels due to their sticky property, they block the blood flow. This can result in pain crisis. Generally, pain occurs in chest, arms and legs.…

Causes of Sickle Cell Disease  Sickle cell disease is caused by defect in gene and it is passed down from parents to children. The mutations in the beta globin genes affect the structure of hemoglobin molecule (also called as Hemoglobin S.), causing it to form abnormal "sickle" shapes.                           Figure 2 – How sickle cell disease is inherited? A child will be born with sickle cell disease only if two genes…

 Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder that leads to abnormal hemoglobin. All red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen throughout our body. Normal and healthy red blood cells are round in shape and move through small blood vessels to carry oxygen to all parts of the body. In sickle cell disease, abnormal hemoglobin causes the red blood cells to become sticky and hard and look like a C- shape called “sickle”. Due to this shape and sticky nature, it gets stuck in the…

Bladder cancer is the 10th common cancer worldwide. In India it is often diagnosed late due to limited awareness of bladder cancer and its symptoms. Let us understand the symptoms of bladder cancer, the diagnostic tests, the treatment options and some commonly asked questions about bladder cancer treatment, prognosis and effect on quality of life.   What is bladder cancer? Urinary bladder is a muscular organ situated in the pelvic cavity. Its primary function is to store urine produced by…

People often want a second opinion. But what is a second opinion? When should one get a second opinion and how to prepare for an effective second opinion. We unpack these questions and more in this informative article on the important topic of second opinion. What does a second opinion mean?  A second opinion simply means seeking an opinion following a primary consultation with your doctor with another specialist/doctor to help in making the best choice for the patient. It is usually…

We live in an era of easy access where everyone can access medical information and self-medication can seem like an easy option. It is easy to forget the wisdom of seeking professional help. Here we unpack the risks of self-medication and how they impact different organs.  A doctor prescribes medication after a detailed consultation with a patient. A consultation includes a detailed medical history (both present and past), a physical examination and lab tests to make a diagnosis. Based on…